Fig. 4

Relocalization—Scenario 2: In scenario 1, the systems are examined separately. In the biomedical system, the original structure consists of disease, healthcare professionals, and pharmaceutical medications in hospitals. In the LMS, the original structure comprises disease, local healers, and medicinal plants in local communities. To treat vomiting in the LMS, medicinal plants are used, while in the biomedical system, pharmaceutical medications are employed. In scenario 2, relocation can be observed, occurring when there is a change only in the physical environment while the structure of the medical system remains intact. This may involve biomedical professionals diagnosing and prescribing medications in local or traditional communities, as well as local healers diagnosing and treating diseases using the LMS within hospitals