Fig. 1

Map of Ethiopia showing Oromia region and the location of the study area (Developed using ArcGIS 10.4.1) Study kebeles are indicated by initials in the map as DD Dodota Danbal, GD Gusa Dongorota, GKA Giraba Korke Adi, JB Jawe Bofo, KiB Kiltu Bilbila, KB Koto Biliti, KJ Koye Jajaba, MJ Maja Lalu, MW Manjikso Waji, MuL Mukiye Laman, SW Sera Wakale, SG Shubi Gamo, TC Tepho Choroke, TD Tuchi Danbal, TS Tuchi Sumayan, WH Walda Hafa, WK Walda Kalina and WM Walda Makdala