Fig. 1

Map showing the study area A Ethiopia with SNNPR (Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region) and GPS coordinates of 9.1450N and 40.4897E, B SNNPR with Gamo zone, C Gamo zone with Kucha district in blue, D Kucha district with study sub-districts (kebeles), E Study sub-districts (kebeles) within the Kucha district and GPS coordinates of 6.499998N and 37.333332E. Numbers on the x and y axes are distances in km