Table 2 Wild-sourced edible greens recorded in Olympos, Karpathos Island, Greece. The higher number of asterisks indicates more frequent utilisation reported
Family | Latin name (Voucher codes) | Recorded local name (s) | Native range | Parts of plants used | Use | Frequency of use |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amaranthaceae | Amaranthus blitum L. (OLY21, OLY72), and possibly other Amaranthus spp. (#) | Stafchóri*, Kokkinolàhano | Eurasia, America | Leaves | Boiled, pies | ††† |
Amaranthaceae | Beta vulgaris L. (OLY33) CU | Séfkla | Mediterranean | Leaves | Boiled, pies (mixes) | ††† |
Amaranthaceae | Beta vulgaris subsp. adanensis (Pamukç.) Ford-Lloyd & J.T. Williams (OLY68) | Agriaspànaka | Mediterranean | Leaves | Boiled, pies (mixes) | ††† |
Amaranthaceae | Chenopodiastrum murale (L.) S.Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch (OLY26) | Vromósa, Agriostathóri*, Maidhià* | Mediterranean | Leaves | Boiled, pies (mixes) | †† |
Amaranthaceae | Salsola kali L. | Mirguátana* | Eurasia | Aerial parts | Salads | † |
Amaryllidaceae | Allium ampeloprasum L. (OLY39) | Skordaliòs | Mediterranean | Whole plants | Seasoning | † |
Anacardiaceae | Pistacia lentiscus L. (OLY49) | Skinos | Mediterranean | Fruits | Seasoning and oil (P) | † |
Apiaceae | Apium graveolens L. | Agriosélino | Eurasia | Aerial parts | Seasoning | †† |
Apiaceae | Crithmum maritimum L. | Krítama | Mediterranean | Young aerial parts | Pickled, salads | †† |
Apiaceae | Daucus carota L. sensu lato (OLY37) | Kafkalína | Eurasia | Young aerial parts | Seasoning, boiled mixes | †† |
Apiaceae | Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (OLY17) | Ámitho | Mediterranean | Young aerial parts | Boiled, seasoning | † |
Apiaceae | Scandix pecten-veneris L. (OLY69) | Velónìa* | Mediterranean-European | Young aerial parts | Boiled, pies (mixes) | † |
Apiaceae | Smyrnium olusatrum L. (OLY10) | Ópsa * | Mediterranean-European | Peeled stems | Snack | †† |
Apiaceae | Tordylium apulum L. (OLY13) | Pervikomàto*, Pervigasmàthi* | Mediterranean | Rosettes | Seasoning boiled mixes | †† |
Asparagaceae | Asparagus aphyllus L. (OLY22) | Agriasfarágia | Mediterranean | Shoots | Omelettes | †† |
Asparagaceae | Muscari comosum (L.) Mill. (OLY30) | Skordalìos | Mediterranean-Asiatic | Bulbs | Boiled | †† |
Asteraceae | Calendula arvensis L. (OLY02, OLY35) | Lichni* | Mediterranean | Leaves | Pies (mixes) | † |
Asteraceae | Carduus pycnocephalus L. subsp. albidus (M. Bieb.) Kazmi (OLY06), Carlina corymbosa L. subsp. graeca (Heldr. & Sartori) Nyman (OLY08) | Angátha | Mediterranean, Mediterranean | Flower receptacles, peeled stems | Snack | †† |
Asteraceae | Centaurea calcitrapa L. | Chórto | Mediterranean | Rosettes | Boiled mixes | † |
Asteraceae | Centaurea raphanina Sm. subsp. raphanina (OLY57) | Anginaràki | Greek (Aegean) endemic | Flower receptacles | Snack | † |
Asteraceae | Chamaeleon gummifer (L.) Cass | Kollángatha | Mediterranean | Flower receptacles | Snack | † |
Asteraceae | Cichorium spinosum L. (OLY71) | Yialóchorto | Mediterranean | Rosettes | Salads, boiled | ††† |
Asteraceae | Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. cardunculus (OLY38 /# /CU) | Anginára | Mediterranean (West) | Flower receptacles | Cooked | ††† |
Asteraceae | Cynara cornigera Lindl. | Agrianginára | Mediterranean | Flower receptacles | Cooked | †† |
Asteraceae | Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach (OLY32) | Amàrangos | Mediterranean | Young leaves | Salads | † |
Asteraceae | Glebionis segetum (L.) Fourr. (OLY31) | Amàrangos | Mediterranean | Young leaves | Salads | ††† |
Asteraceae | Helminthotheca echioides (L.) Holub (OLY43, OLY56) | Sírìa, Chirosírìa, Kalitzió* (Kalitzìus*) | Mediterranean-European | Rosettes | Boiled mix | †† |
Asteraceae | Hypochaeris glabra L. | Glykoradíki, Glykosirídi | Mediterranean-European | Rosettes | Boiled, pies (mixes) | † |
Asteraceae | Reichardia picroides (L.) Roth (OLY16, OLY59) | Valatsína | Mediterranean | Rosettes | Boiled, pies (mixes) | ††† |
Asteraceae | Scolymus hispanicus L. (OLY46) | Angátha | Mediterranean | Stems | Snack | † |
Asteraceae | Sonchus asper (L.) Hill subsp. glaucescens (Jord.) Ball (OLY51) and Sonchus oleraceus L. (OLY36, OLY52) | Čochos (Tzochos) | Temperate, Europe | Young aerial parts | Boiled | †† |
Asteraceae | Taraxacum megalorrhizon (Forssk.) Hand.-Mazz. (OLY 45, OLY54), Taraxacum spp., Leontodon tuberosus L. (OLY42), Crepis spp. (OLY 27, OLY28, OLY41) | Agrioradíki, Alloidosírìa | Mediterranean, Mediterranean | Leaves | Boiled mixes | ††† |
Boraginaceae | Anchusa azurea Mill. var. azurea (OLY24) | Lichni* | Mediterranean | Young aerial parts | Boiled, pies (mixes) | † |
Brassicaceae | Eruca sativa Mill. (OLY12) | Róka | Eurasia | Leaves | Salads | †† |
Brassicaceae | Hirschfeldia incana (L.) Lagr.-Foss. (OLY29) | Tziméta* | Mediterranean-European | Leaves and shoots | Boiled | ††† |
Brassicaceae | Nasturtium officinale W.T.Aiton (OLY63) | Kartamélia* | Mediterranean-European | Aerial parts | Salads | † |
Brassicaceae | Sinapis alba L. (OLY34, OLY60), Mutarda arvensis (L.) D.A.German (OLY 62), Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All. (OLY65) | Lapsánes | Mediterranean, Eurasia, Mediterranean | Leaves and shoots | Boiled | ††† |
Capparaceae | Capparis spinosa L. subsp. rupestris (Sm.) Nyman | Kàppari | Mediterranean | Leaves | Pickled and then used in salads | ††† |
Caryophyllaceae | Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke subsp. angustifolia Hayek (OLY11) | Gobunúllio*, Strufí | Mediterranean | Young aerial parts | Boiled, pies (mixes) | †† |
Fabaceae | Lathyrus oleraceus Lam. (OLY44 /# /CU) | Fáva | Mediterranean | Shoots | Salads | †† |
Fabaceae | Lotus ornithopodioides L. (OLY07) | Trifílli | Mediterranean | Leaves | Salads | † |
Fabaceae | Tetragonolobus purpureus L. | Sándalus*, Agroilli* | Mediterranean | Fruits | Snack | † |
Fabaceae | Vicia faba L. (# /CU) | Kukkìá | Irano-Turanian | Shoots | Salads, boiled, pies (mixes) | † |
Geraniaceae | Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Hér. (OLY73), Erodium chium Guss. (OLY09), and possibly other Erodium spp. | Ladarántzoa* | Mediterranean, Mediterranean | Leaves | Boiled, pies (mixes) | † |
Geraniaceae | Pelargonium graveolens L'Hér. (OLY66 /# /CU) | Barbarólla | South Africa | Leaves | Seasoning jams | † |
Lamiaceae | Clinopodium brevifolium (Wahlenb.) Bräuchler & Hjertson (OLY67) | Glifúni* | Mediterranean | Leaves | Seasoning | † |
Lamiaceae | Mentha spicata L. (OLY61) | Iósmos (Diósmos) | Mediterranean-Asiatic | Leaves | Seasoning | † |
Lamiaceae | Origanum onites L. (OLY50) | Aroìnos* | Greek (Aegean) subendemic | Inflorescences | Seasoning | †† |
Lamiaceae | Prasium majus L. | Lağupátima | Mediterranean | Leaves | Seasoning boiled mixes and pies | † |
Lamiaceae | Salvia fruticosa Mill. (OLY20) | Kinomaliá* | Mediterranean | Galls | Snack | † |
Lamiaceae | Satureja thymbra L. (OLY55) | Thrúmbi | Mediterranean | Leaves | Seasoning | † |
Lamiaceae | Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav. (OLY18) | Meráthimo, Thimàri | Mediterranean | Leaves | Seasoning | † |
Malvaceae | Malva parviflora L. (OLY01, OLY03) | Molóha | Mediterranean-Asiatic | Leaves | Boiled, pies (mixes) | † |
Oxalidaceae | Oxalis pes-caprae L. (OLY25 /#) | Ksinóchorto | South Africa | Aerial parts | Seasoning boiled mixes | †† |
Papaveraceae | Papaver rhoeas L. (OLY23) | Bakúnìa*, Papagalo | Mediterranean-European | Rosettes | Boiled mix | †† |
Poaceae | Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. spontaneum (K.Koch) Asch. & Graebn. (OLY47) | Agriokrisári | Mediterranean-Asiatic | Seeds | Bread | † |
Polygonaceae | Rumex acetosella L. subsp. acetoselloides (Balansa) Nijs | Oksialína | European | Leaves | Boiled, pies (mixes) | † |
Polygonaceae | Rumex crispus L. (OLY48, OLY64), Rumex pulcher L. (OLY40) | Lápatho | European, Mediterranean-European | Leaves | Boiled, pies (mixes) | †† |
Polygonaceae | Rumex tuberosus L. subsp. creticus Rech. f. (OLY15, OLY58) | Agriaspànaka, Chinálìa* | Greek (Aegean) subendemic | Leaves | Boiled, with rice | ††† |
Portulacaceae | Portulaca oleracea L. sensu lato | Glistrída | Mediterranean-European | Aerial parts | Salads | †† |
Rosaceae | Prunus amygdalus Batsch (OLY70 /# /CU) | Amýgdala | Transcaucasus | Unripe fruits | Snack | † |
Rosaceae | Sarcopoterium spinosum (L.) Spach (OLY05) | Astivìda* | Mediterranean | Young inflorescences | Snack | † |
Solanaceae | Solanum nigrum L. sensu lato (OLY04) | Mavrovukià* (Mavrokukià*) | Eurasia | Leaves | Boiled, pies (mixes) | † |
Urticaceae | Urtica membranacea Poir. ex Savigny (OLY14) | Katzúknìa | Mediterranean | Leaves | Boiled, pies (mixes) | † |