Table 2 Inventory of plant materials used in Laji-He

Paederia foetida L

Gei shi teng

Rubiaceae

Liana

Wild

Dispel wind-damp, promote digestion, clear heat and detoxify, alleviate abdominal pain

YY240514003

Piper sarmentosum Roxb

Ga lou

Piperaceae

Herb

Cultivated/wild

Clear heat and detoxify, relieve cough and phlegm, treat bruises and injuries, alleviate diarrhea, promote blood circulation

YY240515009

Houttuynia cordata Thunberg

Yu xing cao

Saururaceae

Herb

Wild

Clear heat and detoxify, treat dysentery, alleviate rhinitis, relieve constipation and diuresis, treat carbuncles and sores

YY240514008

Centella asiatica (L.) Urban

Ji xue cao

Apiaceae

Herb

Wild

Clear heat and detoxify, treat toothache, relieve dysmenorrhea, reduce liver swelling, treat scars

YY240515010

Morus alba L

Sang

Moraceae

Tree

Cultivated

Clear heat and detoxify, dispel wind-damp, improve eyesight, relieve cough and phlegm, treat acne, promote bowel movement, reduce swelling, treat dysentery

YY240515003

Liquidambar formosana Hance

Feng mu

Altingiaceae

Tree

Wild

Clear heat and detoxify, dispel wind-damp, treat dysentery, relieve heatstroke, stop bleeding, expel parasites

YY240514007

Persicaria chinensis (L.) H. Gross

Huo tang teng

Polygonaceae

Herb

Wild

Dispel wind-damp, treat leukorrhea in women, treat bruises and injuries, alleviate tinnitus, strengthen qi and blood

YY240515022

Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Persoon

Shan cang zi

Lauraceae

Tree

Wild

Clear heat and detoxify, dispel wind-damp, stop bleeding, calm the mind, relieve cough and phlegm, promote digestion, strengthen spleen and stomach

YY240514025

Mentha canadensis L

Bo he

Lamiaceae

Herb

Cultivated

Clear heat and detoxify, treat carbuncles and sores, stop bleeding, treat eye diseases

YY240515011

Murdannia bracteata (C. B. Clarke) J. K. Morton ex D. Y. Hong

Tan huo cao

Commelinaceae

Herb

Wild

Clear heat and detoxify, dispel wind-damp, stop bleeding, calm the mind, relieve cough and phlegm, expel parasites

YY240514022

Peristrophe bivalvis (L.) Merrill

Hong lan cao

Acanthaceae

Herb

Cultivated/wild

Clear heat and detoxify, moisten the lungs, relieve cough and phlegm, treat bruises and injuries, treat nocturnal emission

YY240514024

Portulaca oleracea L

Ma chi xian

Portulacaceae

Herb

Wild

Postpartum conditioning, treating carbuncles and sores, treating pediatric umbilical sores, reducing swelling

YY240515017

Hypericum japonicum Thunb. ex Murray

Tian ji huang

Hypericaceae

Herb

Wild

Clear heat and detoxify, treat bruises and injuries, treat dysentery, stop bleeding, calm the mind, expel parasites

YY240514009

Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton

Zi su

Lamiaceae

Herb

Hultivated

Clear heat and detoxify, dispel wind-damp, stop bleeding, treat common cold, calm the mind, relieve cough and phlegm, expel parasites

YY240514023

Artemisia indica Willdenow

Ai cao

Asteraceae

Herb

Wild

Warm meridians and stop bleeding, treat irregular menstruation, dispel wind-damp, treat dysentery, treat carbuncles and sores, treat dermatitis

YY240514013

Peristrophe japonica (Thunb.) Bremekamp

Si zi cao

Acanthaceae

Herb

Cultivated/wild

Clear heat and detoxify, relieve cough and phlegm, treat leukorrhea in women, treat hemorrhoids, treat sore throat

YY240515008

Semiliquidambar cathayensis H. T. Chang

Ban bian feng

Altingiaceae

Tree

Wild

Dispel wind-damp, treat beriberi, treat bruises and injuries

YY240514002

Hedyotis effusa Hance

Gou gan cai

Rubiaceae

Herb

Wild

Clear heat and detoxify, treat bruises and injuries, treat eczema

YY240514005

Alternanthera philoxeroides (C. Martius) Grisebach

Lian zi cao

Amaranthaceae

Herb

Wild

Clear heat and detoxify, dispel wind-damp, stop bleeding, calm the mind, expel parasites

YY240514017

Rhus chinensis Mill

Yan fu bao

Anacardiaceae

Shrub

Wild

Clear heat and detoxify, treat carbuncles and sores, treat nasal inflammation

YY240516002

Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum Turcz

Lu bian qing

Lamiaceae

Shrub

Wild

Clear heat and detoxify, treat oral ulcers, treat dysentery, treat sore throat

YY240516008

Phyllanthus emblica L

You gan zi

Phyllanthaceae

Tree

Wild

Clear heat and detoxify, moisten the lungs and stop cough, treat common cold, treat toothache, treat sore throat

YY240516006

Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Brown ex Candolle

Lian zi cao

Amaranthaceae

Herb

Wild

Clear heat and detoxify, treat dysentery, treat carbuncles and sores, treat eczema, treat dermatitis

YY240514018

Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindley

Pi pa

Rosaceae

Tree

Cultivated

Clear heat and detoxify, dispel wind-damp, stop bleeding, calm the mind, relieve cough and phlegm, treat bruises and injuries, expel parasites

YY240514015

Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retzius) Candolle

Rutaceae

Tree

Wild

Relieve cough and phlegm, disperse blood stasis and reduce swelling, promote digestion, treat bruises and injuries, treat common cold, treat carbuncles and sores

YY240516011

Melicope pteleifolia (Champion ex Bentham) T. G. Hartley

San cha hu

Rutaceae

Tree

Wild

Clear heat and detoxify, treat bruises and injuries, treat eczema, treat dermatitis

YY240514006

Grona styracifolia (Osbeck) H. Ohashi & K. Ohashi

Guang jin qian cao

Fabaceae

Herb

Cultivated/wild

Clear heat and detoxify, dispel wind-damp, promote diuresis and bowel movement

YY240516004

Vitex negundo L

Huang jing

Verbenaceae

Shrub

Wild

Clear heat and detoxify, dispel wind-damp, stop bleeding, calm the mind, treat gastritis, expel parasites

YY240514016

Tadehagi triquetrum (L.) Ohashi

Hu lu cha

Fabaceae

Shrub

Wild

Clear heat and detoxify, treat carbuncles and sores, relieve cough and phlegm

YY240515012

Persicaria thunbergii (Siebold & Zucc.) H. Gross

Liu

Polygonaceae

Herb

Wild

Treat gout, clear heat and detoxify

YY240514001

Prunus persica (L.) Batsch

Tao zi

Rosaceae

Tree

Cultivated

Clear heat and detoxify, promote blood circulation, promote bowel movement, treat diarrhea, promote digestion, relieve dysmenorrhea, treat bruises and injuries, treat eczema, treat ringworm, treat carbuncles and sores, treat nocturnal emission, treat dysentery

YY240516007

Palhinhaea cernua (L.) Vasc. & Franco

Song jin teng

Lycopodiaceae

Herb

Wild

Dispel wind-damp, detoxify and reduce swelling, treat bruises and injuries, treat urticaria, treat edema

YY240516010

Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels

Huang pi guo

Rutaceae

Tree

Cultivated

Clear heat and detoxify, relieve cough and phlegm, alleviate abdominal pain, promote digestion, strengthen the stomach, reduce swelling, treat common cold

YY240515016

Paederia lanuginosa Wall

Gei shi teng

Rubiaceae

Liana

Wild

Dispel wind-damp, promote digestion, clear heat and detoxify, alleviate abdominal pain

YY240514012

Schefflera heptaphylla (L.) Frodin

E zhang feng

Araliaceae

Tree

Wild

Dispel wind-damp, treat bruises and injuries, treat stomach pain, treat common cold, treat dermatitis, treat eczema, stop bleeding

YY240516003

Baeckea frutescens L

Sao ba ye

Myrtaceae

Shrub

Wild

Dispel wind-damp, relieve itching, treat cystitis, treat common cold, treat burns, treat eczema, treat dermatitis, treat pemphigus, treat tinea pedis, promote diuresis

YY240516009

Mussaenda pubescens W. T. Aiton

Xi liang teng

Rubiaceae

Shrub

Wild

Clear heat and detoxify, treat common cold, treat tonsillitis, treat pharyngitis, treat enteritis

YY240515021

Astragalus sinicus L

Fabaceae

Herb

Wild

Dispel wind and improve eyesight, strengthen spleen and qi, detoxify and relieve pain, treat acute conjunctivitis, treat neuralgia, treat herpes zoster, treat boils and abscesses, treat hemorrhoids

YY240516015

Plumbago zeylanica L

Bai hua dan

Plumbaginaceae

Shrub

Cultivated/wild

Clear heat and detoxify, dispel wind-damp, reduce swelling, treat bruises and injuries, treat tinea, treat wind-damp bone pain, treat stomach pain

YY240515013

Paederia pertomentosa Merr. ex Li

Gei shi teng

Rubiaceae

Liana

Wild

Treat jaundice, treat dysentery, promote digestion, treat irregular menstruation, treat hepatitis, treat diarrhea, treat stomach pain

YY240516014

Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br

Hai jing sha

Lygodiaceae

Herb

Wild

Clear heat and detoxify, dispel wind-damp, stop bleeding, calm the mind, relieve cough and phlegm, treat dysentery, treat diarrhea, treat leukorrhea in women

YY240514019

Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudichaud-Beaupre

Qu ma

Urticaceae

Shrub

Wild

Clear heat and detoxify, stop bleeding, promote blood circulation, calm the mind, treat leukorrhea in women, treat traumatic injuries

YY240515002

Blumea balsamifera (L.) Candolle

Da feng ai

Asteraceae

Liana

Wild

Clear heat and detoxify, dispel wind-damp, treat bruises and injuries, treat eczema, treat dermatitis, treat carbuncles and sores, treat common cold, relieve dysmenorrhea

YY240515006

Ficus hirta Vahl

Wu zhi mao tao

Moraceae

Shrub

Wild

Dispel wind-damp, promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis, treat bruises and injuries, treat leukorrhea in women, treat orchitis, treat amenorrhea

YY240515020

Combretum indicum (L.) Jongkind

Shi jun zi

Combretaceae

Shrub

Wild

Clear heat and detoxify, promote bowel movement, treat toothache, alleviate abdominal pain, treat pediatric indigestion

YY240515005

Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baillon

San bai cao

Saururaceae

Herb

Wild

Clear heat and detoxify, promote diuresis and reduce swelling, treat leukorrhea in women, treat eczema, treat carbuncles and sores

YY240515007

Persicaria maackiana (Regel) Nakai ex Mori

Liu

Polygonaceae

Herb

Wild

Clear heat and detoxify, treat enteritis, treat dysentery

YY240515015

Sapindus saponaria L

Xi shou guo

Sapindaceae

Tree

Wild

Clear heat and detoxify, improve eyesight, treat toothache, remove freckles, treat diarrhea, treat sore throat

YY240516012

Solanum americanum Mill

Bai hua cai

Solanaceae

Herb

Wild

Clear heat and detoxify, promote bowel movement, treat bruises and injuries, treat acne, stop bleeding, remove lice, treat carbuncles and sores

YY240515004

Tradescantia spathacea Swartz

Wan nian qing

Commelinaceae

Liana

Cultivated/wild

Clear heat and detoxify, stop bleeding, promote blood circulation, treat bruises and injuries, treat abscesses, treat traumatic injuries

YY240515001

Neyraudia reynaudiana (Kunth) Keng ex Hitchcock

Poaceae

Herb

Wild

Clear heat and drain dampness, reduce swelling and detoxify, treat nephritis edema, treat snake bites

YY240516005

Phyllodium elegans (Lour.) Desvaux

La wan

Fabaceae

Shrub

Wild

Dispel wind-damp, treat bruises and injuries, treat toothache, treat scalp infections, disperse blood stasis and reduce swelling, treat pediatric indigestion

YY240516001

Polygala chinensis L

Gang ba huan

Polygalaceae

Herb

Wild

Treat cough and sore throat, treat pediatric indigestion, treat bruises and injuries, treat scrofula, treat carbuncles, treat snake bites

YY240514004

Vitex rotundifolia L. f

Man jing

Lamiaceae

Shrub

Wild

Treat bruises and injuries, dispel wind-damp, stop bleeding, reduce swelling and relieve pain, treat migraine

YY240515014

Schizocapsa plantaginea Hance

Wa tou ji

Dioscoreaceae

Herb

Wild

Clear heat and detoxify, treat acute gastroenteritis, treat toothache, treat bruises and injuries, dispel wind-damp, stop bleeding, calm the mind, expel parasites, treat irregular menstruation

YY240514020

Drynaria roosii Nakaike

Gen sui bu

Polypodiaceae

Herb

Wild

Treat bruises and injuries, stop bleeding, treat carbuncles and sores, alleviate tinnitus

YY240514010

Pluchea indica (L.) Lessing

Asteraceae

Shrub

Wild

Clear heat and detoxify, dispel wind-damp, stop bleeding, calm the mind

YY240514014

Crotalaria assamica Bentham

Zhu shi dou

Fabaceae

Herb

Wild

Clear heat and detoxify, dispel wind-damp, stop bleeding, calm the mind, relieve cough and phlegm, tonify liver and kidney, treat nocturnal emission, treat dysentery, treat leukorrhea in women

YY240514026

Hedyotis hedyotidea (Candolle) Merrill

Zhu hong teng

Rubiaceae

Shrub

Wild

Clear heat and detoxify, stop bleeding, reduce swelling, treat carbuncles and sores, treat eczema, treat dermatitis, treat common cold, treat bruises and injuries, treat hemorrhoids

YY240515019

Drynaria bonii Christ

Gen sui bu

Polypodiaceae

Herb

Wild

Clear heat and detoxify, dispel wind-damp, stop bleeding, calm the mind, treat bruises and injuries

YY240514011

Dioscorea persimilis Prain & Burkill

Huai shan

Dioscoreaceae

Liana

Wild

Clear heat and detoxify, treat chilblains, relieve cough and phlegm, strengthen spleen and stomach, reduce swelling, promote diuresis, treat dysentery

YY240514021

Scleria terrestris (L.) Fassett

Cyperaceae

Herb

Wild

Dispel wind and eliminate dampness, relax muscles and activate collaterals, treat wind-damp arthralgia, treat paralysis, treat bruises and injuries, treat measles in children

YY240516013

Trema cannabina var. dielsiana (Handel-Mazzetti) C. J. Chen

Po ma

Cannabaceae

Herb

Wild

Clear heat and detoxify, relieve pain, stop bleeding, treat boils

YY240515018