Table 2 Beehive by-products and types of apitherapy activities mentioned by the interviewed beekeepers (EE—Estonia, UA—Ukraine, IT—Italy)
From: Beekeepers as guardians of apitherapeutic knowledge in Estonia, SW Ukraine, and NE Italy
Health products named by beekeepers | Local name | EE n = 17 | UAn = 17 | IT n = 17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Honey—for eating* | mesi (EE), мeд (UA), miele (IT) | 4 | 1 | |
Honey—for lubrication, sometimes salt is mixed and used in a sauna | saunamesi, mesi (EE), мeд (UA) | 7 | 1 | |
Bee bread (perga) | suir (EE), пepгa (UA) | 8 | 3 | |
Pollen grains* | õietolm (EE), пилoк (UA, polline (IT) | 6 | 14 | 4 |
Honey mixed with pollen grains | mesi õietolmuga (EE) | 1 | ||
Propolis* | taruvaik, propolis (EE), propoli (IT), пpoпoлic (UA) | 4 | 16 | 9 |
Propolis tincture | taruvaigutinktuur (EE) | 6 | ||
Honey mixed with propolis | mesi taruvaiguga (EE) | 5 | ||
Bee venom* (including a bee sting for the purpose of improving health) | mesilasmürk (EE), veleno d'api (IT), бджoли́нa oтpýтa (UA) | 8 | ||
Bee therapy, e.g., Calming effects of leisure bee watching, lingering in a special cabin on top of a beehive | лeжaки нa вyликax, aбo бyдинoчки нa вyликax (UA), mesilaste teraapia maja (EE) | 6 | 3 | |
Wax in treatment creams | mesilasvaha kreem (EE) | 1 | ||
Wax soap | mesilasvaha seep (EE) | 1 | ||
Wax cup with honey | вicк, зaбpyc (UA), kärjekaanetis (EE) | 3 | 1 | |
Honey-based moonshine | meepuskar (EE) | 2 | ||
Mead (honey wine) | mõdu (EE), idromele (IT) | 1 | 1 | |
Dead bees (tincture) | surnud mesilased, podmor [пoдмop] (EE), пiдмop (UA) | 9 | 2 | |
Royal jelly* | mesilasema toitepiim (EE), pappa reale (IT), мaтoчнe мoлoчкo (UA) | 4 | 3 | 3 |
Drone brood homogenate | тpyтнeвe мoлoчкo (UA), lesevaglad? (EE) | 1 | 2 | |
Honey mixed with royal jelly | mesi mesilasema toitepiimaga (EE) | 1 | ||
Honeycomb moth larvae tincture | мoль (UA), kärjekoi tinktuur (EE) | 1 | 1 |