Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used to treat human and livestock ailments in Addi Arkay district, northwest Ethiopia

Misganaw, Worku; Masresha, Getinet; Alemu, Asmamaw; Lulekal, Ermias

doi:10.1186/s13002-025-00775-3

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine

Table 2 List of medicinal plant used to treat human and livestock ailments in Addi Arkay district, Northwestern Ethiopia

From: Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used to treat human and livestock ailments in Addi Arkay district, northwest Ethiopia

Family	Scientific name & Local name				Geographical location of specimen and altitude (m.a.s.l)		AE			H	Ha		PU		CPU				Use	Ailment treated		Methods of Preparation and Application		RA	References				V. No 2025 G.C
Acanthaceae	Justicia schimperiana (Hochst. ex Nees) T.Anderson Simiza (Am)				13°18'39''N 37°55'54''E 1353 m		Ll			S	NF		L		F				Hu	Rheumatism		Heat the leaf in fire and apply the overheated leaf to the painful area		T	[5, 6, 45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53]				WM029/25
Amaranthaceae	Achyranthes aspera L. Telenji (Am)				13°25'05''N 37°55'08''E 1326 m		Ll			H	NF		R/L		F				Hu	Menorrhagia (over menstruation)		Crush the leaves and root, then drink with tea		O	[5, 40, 45, 47, 49, 50, 52, 54,55,56,57]				WM046/25
	Achyranthes aspera L. Telenji (Am)				13°25'05''N 37°55'08''E 1326 m		Ll			H	NF		R		F				Hu	Stabbing pain (wugat)		Grind it with root of Rumex crispus (tult)and Urtica simensis (sama), mix with butter and then smear painful body		T	[5, 40, 45, 47, 49, 50, 52, 54,55,56,57]				WM046/25
	Chenopodium murale L. Amedmado (Am)				13°28'28''N 37°51'28''E 1234 m		Ll			H	NF		F		F				Hu	Wound		Grind the leaf into a paste and apply it directly to the wound		T	[45, 47, 54]				WM050/25
Amaryllidaceae	Allium cepa L. Qeyi-shinkurt (Am)				13°24'42''N 37°51'12"E 1256 m		Ll			H	AL		Bu		F				Hu	Increase sexual desire		Eat the fresh bulb until sexual desire is improved		O	[46, 50, 58, 59]				WM013/25
	Allium sativum L. Nechi-shinkurt (Am)				13°21'41''N 38°10'42''E 2148 m		Ml			H	AL		Bu		F/D				Hu	Cough		Boil with water, then drink the infusion		O	[1, 5, 6, 45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54, 57,58,59,60,61]				WM098/25
	Allium sativum L. Nechi-shinkurt (Am)				13°21'41''N 38°10'42''E 2148 m		Ml			H	AL		Bu		F				Hu	Common cold		Sniff the fresh bulb		N	[1, 5, 6, 45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54, 57,58,59,60,61]				WM098/25
													Bu		F				Hu		Malaria	Eat the fresh bulb		O
													Bu		F				Hu		Abdominal pain	Boil the bulb with the leaves of Citrus lemon in water, allow it to cool, mix with honey, and then drink after three days.		O
	Crinum abyssinicum Hochst. ex A.Rich. Yejib shinkusrt (Am)			13°19'17''N 38°07'07''E 2540 m			Hl			H	NF		Bu		F				Hu		Swelling	Grind and mix with butter and smear, or grind with the root of Kalanchoe petitiana, heat the mixture, and burn the swell part		T	[51, 62]				WM072/25
Apiaceae	Coriandrum sativum L. Dinbilal (Am)			13°17'29''N 38°04'33''E 2094 m			Ml			H	AL		S		D				Hu		Cough	Boil the seeds with butter and water, and then drink the mixture.		O	[5, 51]				WM071/25
Apiaceae	Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Ensilal (Am)			13°18'52''N 38°10'30''E 2067 m			Ml			H	NF		L		F				Hu		Kidney stone	Socked in water then allow them to drink in the morning		O	[1, 46, 47, 49, 50, 55, 60, 62]				WM077/25
Apocynaceae	Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand. Tobia (Am), Ghindae (Tg)			13°19'58''N 37°55'01''E 1328 m			Ll			S	NF		R		D				Hu		Scabies (itch)	Dry and grind the root, then mix it with butter to create a cream and smear on the body		T	[1, 47, 48, 55, 57, 59, 62]				WM024/25
													La		F				Hu		Hemorrhoid	Extract the latex and then smear the fluid on the affected area		T
													La		F				Li		Wound	Squeeze the latex, mix it with latex from Euphorbia tirucalli and Euphorbia abyssinica, then let it cream for 3 days before use		T
	Carissa spinarum L. Agam (Am)			13°19'19''N 37°55'38''E 1454 m			Ll			S	NF		L		F				Li		Eye disease	Squeeze the leaf to extract the juice, then apply a few drops to the eyes		Op	[1, 5, 6, 45, 46, 49, 59, 62]				WM025/25
	Carissa spinarum L. Agam (Am)			13°19'19''N 37°55'38''E 1454 m			Ll			S	NF		R		D				Hu		Evil spirit	Burn the root and use the resulting smoke for fumigation		N	[1, 5, 6, 45, 46, 49, 59, 62]				WM025/25
	Stephanotis rubicunda (K.Schum.) S.Reuss, Liede & Meve Quandira-hareg (Am)			13°27'08''N 37°58'32''E 1258 m			Ll			C	NF		R		F				Li		Rabies	Crush the root, soak with milk, and let the puppy drink		O	[63]				WM045/25
Asparagaceae	Asparagus africanus Lam. Yeset-kesit (Am)			13°25'02''N 37°58'51''E 1236 m			Ll			S	NF		R/L		F				Hu		Hemorrhoid	Grind the leaf and root, mix with Calotropis procera latex, then paste on it		T	[43, 44, 48, 59]				WM039/25
Asphodelaceae	Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. Eret (Am)			13°27'55''N 37°45'32''E 1298 m			Ll			S	HG		La		F				Hu		Fibril illness	Squeeze a quarter cup of the gel and mix it with coffee to drink		O	[53, 54, 60]				WM001/25
Asteraceae	Artemisia abyssinica Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich. Chikugh (Am)			13°18'05''N 38°04'33''E 2343 m			Hl			H	HG		L		D				Hu		Common cold		Sniff the leaf	N	[45, 50, 53,54,55, 59]				WM062/25
	Bidens pilosa L. Yekahinkim/Yeseyitanmerife (Am)			13°34'02''N 37°47'16''E 1084 m			Ll			H	NF		R		F		Hu				Nasal bleed		Grind the root, mix it with October honey, and consume the mixture	O	[46, 62]				WM0488/25
	Bidens pilosa L. Yekahinkim/Yeseyitanmerife (Am)			13°34'02''N 37°47'16''E 1084 m			Ll			H	NF		R		F		Hu				Snake bite		Grind the root, squeeze, and drink juice	O	[46, 62]				WM0488/25
	Echinops kebericho Mesfin ^NT Kebericho (Am)			13°22'00''N 38°11'00''E 2387 m			Hl			H	NF		R		D		Hu				Fibril illness		Burn the root and fumigate the house with the smoke	Ot	[6, 46, 53, 59, 61, 62]				WM101/25
	Echinops kebericho Mesfin ^NT Kebericho (Am)			13°22'00''N 38°11'00''E 2387 m			Hl			H	NF		R		D		Hu				Snake repellents		Burn the root and fumigate house; the smoke repels snake	Ot	[6, 46, 53, 59, 61, 62]				WM101/25
	Laggera crispata (Vahl) Hepper & J.R.I.Wood Yedega tila (Am)			13°20'32''N 38°11'507''E 2415 m			Hl			H	NF		L		F		Hu				Bleeding		Squeeze the leaf and apply to stop bleeding	T	[6, 57, 64]				WM105/25
	Vernonia amygdalina Delile Girawa (Am)			13°24'14''N 37°51'55''E 1215 m			Ll			S	NF		L		F		Hu				Spider poison		Squeeze to extract the fluid, then smear it	T	[6, 46, 53, 57, 60, 64, 65]				WM023/25
													L		F		Hu				Gastritis		Squeeze the leaves to extract the fluid, then mix it with water and drink one cup	O
													L		F		Hu				Intestinal parasite		Squeeze the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina and Zehneria scabra to extract the fluid. Mix the extracts, dilute with water, and drink one cup before meals	O
Bignoniaceae	Stereospermum kunthianum Cham. Zana (Am)			13°26'18''N 37°53'39''E 1344 m			Ll			T	NF		SB		F		Hu				Laceration (skin cut)		Wrap the inner layer of the bark around the injured area	T	[54, 66,67,68]				WM055/25
													SB		F		Hu				Luxation (bone dislocation)		Wrap the inner layer of the bark around the injured bone	T
													SB		F		Hu				Back pain		Grind the bark and mix it with honey, then consume the mixture.	O
	Cordia africana Lam. Wanza (Am)			13°28'06''N 37°58'19''E 1318 m			Ll			T	NF		F		F		Hu				Gastritis		Consume the fruit directly	O	[1, 45,46,47, 52, 54, 59, 68, 69]				WM041/25
													R		F		Hu				Scorpion bite		Chewing the root and swallow	O
													SB		D		Hu				Hemorrhoid		Grind the stem bark of it with the root bark of Rydingia integrifolia, mix with honey or butter, and smear	T
													F		F		Hu				Tape worm		Swallow the fruit	O
	Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forssk. Chigogot (Am)			13°18'45''N 38°09'41''E 2162 m			Ml			H	NF		R		F		Hu				Diarrhea		Grind the root and drink with yoghurt	O	[45, 58, 70]				WM075/25
Brassicaceae	Lepidium sativum L. Feto (Am)			13°28'13''N 37°47'08''E 1378 m			Ll			H	AL		S		D		Hu				Hemorrhoid		Burn the stem, apply the flame topically	T	[1, 46, 52, 53, 59]				WM006/25
													S		D		Hu				Gastrointestinal parasite		Grind seeds, mix with water to create a paste, and combine with chopped injera to eat	O
													S		D		Hu				Gastritis		Soak the seed in water, then drink the jelly-like fluid	O
Cactaceae	Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. Qulqual (Am), Beles (Tg)			13°20'15''N 38°06'32''E 2055 m			Ml			S	NF		Fl		F		Hu				Hemorrhoid		Mix the flower with honey and apply it gently around the anus	T	[1]				WM082/25
Capparaceae	Boscia integrifolia J.St.-Hil. Keremed			13°26'22''N 37°52'16''E 1145 m			Ll			T	NF		R		D		Hu				Evil eye		Grind the root and then inhale or sniff the powder	N	[47, 54, 71]				WM049/25
	Boscia integrifolia J.St.-Hil. Keremed			13°26'22''N 37°52'16''E 1145 m			Ll			T	NF		St		D		Hu				Evil sprite		Cut the stem to make cross and tie it around the neck	Ne	[47, 54, 71]				WM049/25
	Capparis tomentosa Lam. Gimero (Am)			13°28'367'N 37°54'54''E 1680 m			Ml			C	NF		R		F		Hu				Toothache		Chew the root along with Zingiber officinale and hold it on the teeth for a few minutes	O	[1, 6, 54, 56, 59]				WM014/25
													R		F		Hu				Cough		Grind it with the root of Rosa abyssinica, then burn the mixture and inhale the smoke	N
													R		D		Hu				Evil sprite		Burn the root and use the smoke to fumigate the house	Ot
Caryophyllaceae	Silene macrosolen Steud. ex A.Rich. Wegert (Am)			13°20'26''N 37°57'17''E 1830 m			Ml			H	NF		R		D		Li				Fibril illness		Burn with fire, then fumigate the smoke	N	[51, 72, 73]				WM087/25
Celastraceae	Catha edulis (Vahl) Endl. Khat (Am)			13°26'06'N'38°00'05''E 1505 m			Ml			S	HG		L		F		Hu				Asthma		Boil with the leaf of Coffee arabica and mix with Meliponula bocandei honey, then drink	O	[1, 6, 46, 52, 61, 68]				WM040/25
Combretaceae	Terminalia leiocarpa (DC.) Baill. Kirkira (Am)			13°24'54''N 37°56'56''E 1453 m			Ll			T	NF		SB		F		Hu				Stomachache		Chew the stem bark and swallow the liquid	O	[74]				WM047/25
													SB		F		Hu				Malaria		Boil the stem bark with water, then drink the infusion	O
													SB		F		Hu				Uvula descending		Chew the stem bark and swallow the fluid	O
													L		F		Li				Eye diseases		Squeeze the leaf and drop the liquid into the eye	Op
													L		F		Li				Eye diseases		Squeeze the leaf and drop the liquid into the eye	Op
Crassulaceae	Kalanchoe petitiana A.Rich. ^LC Andahula (Am)			13°20'50''N 38°11'23''E 2518 m			Hl			S	NF		L		F		Hu				Swelling		Heat the leaf in fire and apply the overheated leaf to the painful area	T	[1, 6, 61]				WM104/25
Crassulaceae	Kalanchoe petitiana A.Rich. ^LC Andahula (Am)			13°20'50''N 38°11'23''E 2518 m			Hl			S	NF		L		F		Hu				Finger amputation (Lufe)		Grind the leaf and wrap around the affected area	T	[1, 6, 61]				WM104/25
Combretaceae	Terminalia brownii Fresen. Weiba (Tg)			13°28'02''N 37°51'34''E 1280 m			Ll			T	NF		SB		F		Hu				Hepatitis		Boil with Vicia faba, drink the decoction, and eat the boiled Vicia faba	O	[54, 75, 76]				WM057/25
Cucurbitaceae	Cucumis ficifolius A.Rich. Yemidir enbuay (Am)			13°19'14''N 38°07'56''E 2071 m			Ml			H	NF		R		F		Hu				Colic and dyspepsia (dasesa)		The mother chews the root and swallows the juice; the newborn baby gets through breastfeeding	O	[1, 6, 45,46,47, 50, 52, 54, 57, 68]				WM074/25
													F		F		Hu				Hemorrhoid		Grind it with Aloe vera seed, heat the mixture and paste on it	T
													R		F		Li				Calf scour (qumenga)		Crush the roots and mix them with water to extract the juice, serve the juice using fresh Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd) to drink	O
	Cucurbita pepo L. Duba (Am)			13°19'42''N 37°55'55''E 1399 m			Ll			H	HG		S		D		Hu				Tape worm		Eat the seed in the morning before meal	O	[1, 5, 46, 54, 59, 68]				MW026/25
	Cucurbita pepo L. Duba (Am)			13°19'42''N 37°55'55''E 1399 m			Ll			H	HG		S		D		Hu				Headache		Grind the seed, paste it on the head, and wrap it	T	[1, 5, 46, 54, 59, 68]				MW026/25
	Zehneria scabra Sond. Hareg-resa (Am)			13°17'34''N 38°04'50''E 2181 m			Ml			C	NF		L		F		Hu				Fibril illness		Boil the leaf in water, then use the steam for fumigation, drink one cup of the fluid, and wash the body in the morning	O	[5, 47, 57]				WM092/25
	Zehneria scabra Sond. Hareg-resa (Am)			13°17'34''N 38°04'50''E 2181 m			Ml			C	NF		L		F		Hu				Common cold		Boil in water to generate steam, then use the steam for fumigation	N	[5, 47, 57]				WM092/25
Cupressaceae	Juniperus procera Hochst. ex Endl. Yehabesha tsde (Am)			13°20'15''N 38°11'07''E 2468 m			Hl			T	NF		Re		D		Hu				Diarrhea		Munch the resin and swallow it	O	[5, 49, 50]				WM112/25
													Re		D		Hu				Toothache		Grind with the Rosa hybrida fruit, Euphorbia abyssinica latex, Myrica salicifolia root, and Lobelia rhyncopetalum root, then make a paste to apply on the teeth	O
													R		F		Hu				Gum bleeding		Grind the roots of Rosa hybrida and Calpurnia aurea, then make a paste to apply on the teeth	O
Cyperaceae	Cyperus dichrostachyus Hochst. ex A.Rich. Giramita (Am)			13°21'19''N 38°11'17''E 2552 m			Hl			H	HG		St		D		Hu				Mumps		Tie the stem around the neck	Ot	[55]				WM099/25
Ebenaceae	Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A.DC. Serkin (Am), Aye (Tg)			13°33'54''N 37°47'33''E 1113 m			Ll			T	NF		F		F		Hu				Ringworm		Paint the affected area with the fruit	T	[68, 77]				WM053/25
Euphorbiaceae	Croton macrostachyus Hochst. ex Delile Bisana (Am)			13°19'26''N 38°07'49''E 2043 m			Ml			T	NF		L		F		Hu				Hepatitis		Boil the leaf and drink the infusion or cook the leaf into a stew and eat	O	[45,46,47, 57, 60, 61, 69]				WM073/25
													L		F		Hu				Ringworm		Rubbing with the leaf involves using it to gently clean or massage the skin	T
													L		F		Hu				Finger amputation (Lufe)		Grind the leaf and mix it with butter to create a cream and wrap it with plastic	T
													R		F		Hu				Dysuria (shintemat)		Grind the root, mix it with tella, and drink the decoction	O
													SB		F		Hu				STDs		Grind the bark with the leaf of Phytolacca dodecandra, mix with water, and drink	O
													SB		F		Hu				Yellow fever		Grind the stem bark and drink it with tella	O
													SB		F		Li				Rabies		Grind the bark with the leaf of Phytolacca dodecandra, mix with water, and drink	O
	Euphorbia abyssinica J.F.Gmel. Qulqual (Am)			13°18'17''N 37°56'09''E 1513 m			Ml			T	NF		La		F		Hu				Wound (Chinkur)		Squeeze the latex, then cream it	T	[45, 46, 68]				WM027/25
	Euphorbia tirucalli L. Kinchib (Am)			13°24'10''N 37°59'46''E 1503 m			Ml			T	HG		La		F		Hu				Hemorrhoid		Squeeze the latex, then cream it	T	[46]				WM042/25
	Ricinus communis L. Bulka (gulo)			13°29'36''N 37°48'03''E 1326 m			Ll			S	HG		L		F		Hu				Ear disease		Squeeze and then dropping in to the ear	A	[46, 47, 69]				WM008/25
													L		F		Li				Eye diseases		Heat the leaf in fire then squeeze the fluid and then drop to their eye	Op
													L		F		Hu				Ear parasite (moth)		Squeeze the leaf and add some droplet to the ear	A
	Tragia brevipes Pax Alebilabit (Am)			13°24'38''N 37°51'50''E 1236 m			Ll			C	NF		R		F		Hu				Impotency		Crush the root"half of the first finger size"and dilute with local beer and drink	O	[1, 61, 78]				WM022/25
													R		F		Hu				Love potion (mestefakir)		Crush the root and cream with raw butter and smear the body	T
													R		F		Hu				Brain enlightenment		Chopped the root into seven pieces and swallow with white honey	O
Fabaceae	Vachellia abyssinica (Hochst. ex Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr. Habesha girar (Am)			13°18'52''N 38°05'59''E 2615 m			Ml			T	NF		L		F		Hu				Toothache		Chew the leaf and hold it on the teeth	O	[6, 45, 46, 50, 53, 59]				WM097/25
	Calpurnia aurea (Aiton) Benth. Digita (Am)					13°19'29''N 38°06'64''E 2040 m	Ml			S	NF		L		D		Hu				Wound		Pound the leaves into a fine powder, then mix the powder with Vaseline and smear the wound	T	[1, 5, 46, 49, 59, 68]				WM065/25
													L		F		Hu				Eczema (Chife)		Grind it with Plantago lanceolata, mix with butter, and smear	T
													F		F		Hu				Gum bleeding		Grind and past on gum	O
													L		D		Li				Ectoparasite of hen		Burn the leaf and use the smoke for a fumigation	T
	Lupinus albus L. Gibto (Am)					13°17'47''N 38°04'34''E 2087 m	Ml			H	AL		S		D		Hu				Hypertension		Boil the seeds and drink the resulting watery fluid	O	[79]				WM096/25
	Millettia ferruginea (Hochst.) Hochst. ex Baker ^LC Birbira (Am)					13°18'37''N 38°05'57''E 2648 m	Hl			T	NF		L		F		Li				Leech		Crush the leaves and add them to water for drinking	O	[1, 46, 49, 61, 68]				WM078/25
	Senna singueana (Delile) Lock Bisbisha/gufa (Am)					13°19'33''N 38°06'50''E 1988	Ml			S	NF		R		F		Hu				Snake bite		Chew the root and swallow the liquid	O	[80, 81]				WM086/25
	Tamarindus indica L. Humer (Tg)					13°35'37''N 37°48'10''E 1007 m	Ll			T	NF		F		F		Hu				Cough		Eat the fruit	O	[48, 62, 68]				WM056/25
													F		F		Hu				Internal parasite		Soak the fruit in water and then drink the juice	O
													F		F		Hu				Diarrhea		Eat the fruit	O
													F		F		Hu				Hypertension		Soak the fruit in water, then mix it with chopped teff bread and eat	O
	Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Abish (Am)					13°17'45''N 38°04'28''E 2103 m	Ml			H	AL		S		D		Hu				Gastritis		Grind and soak them in water for a day. Then, drink the juice before meals in the morning	O	[6, 45, 53]				WM090/25
	Vicia faba L. Bakela (Am)					13°19'25''N 38°11'10''E 2674 m	Hl			H	AL		S		D		Hu				Boil (bugungi)		Chew the seed, then apply the paste directly onto the boil	T	[45, 60, 68]				WM111/25
Francoaceae	Bersama abyssinica Fresen. Azamir (Am)					13°20'33''N 38°06'04''E 2031 m	Ml			S	NF		L		F		Hu				Ascariasis		Squeeze the leaf, mix the juice with water, and then drink	O	[46, 60, 61]				WM063/25
Lamiaceae	Rotheca myricoides var. discolor (Klotzsch) Verdc. Misrich (Am)		13°18'48''N 38°08'05''E 2281 m						Ml	S	NF		R		F		Hu				Evil eye		Crush the root with the root of Cucumis ficifolius, Carissa spinarum, and Capparis tomentosa and tie it around the neck	Ne	[45, 59, 77]				WM070/25
	Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Ras kimir (Am)		13°29'16''N 37°49'59''E 1320 m						Ll	S	NF		R		F		Hu				Anthrax		Chew the root and swallow the liquid	O	[54, 60]				WM011/25
	Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst. ex Benth. Damakese (Am)		13°20'29''N 38°11'06''E 2372 m						Hl	S	NF		L		F		Hu				Common cold		Squeeze the leaves and mix the juice with tea or boil the leaves for a steam bath	O	[1, 5, 46, 53, 59, 60]				WM108/25
													L		F		Hu				Fibril illness		Squeeze the leaves and mix the juice with tea or boil the leaves for a steam bath	O
													L		F		Hu				Hypertension		Boil the leaves with tea, then drink the mixture	O
													L		F		Hu				Ear parasite (moth)		Grind it with the leaves of Cucumis ficifolius and Zehneria scabra, squeeze, and add some droplets	A
													L		F		Li				Fibril illness		Squeeze and mix the leaf extracts of Ocimum lamiifolium and Croton macrostachyus, then let a glass of it for drenching	O
	Rydingia integrifolia (Benth.) Scheen & V.A.Albert Tinjut (Am)		13°20'11''N 38°05'54''E 2071 m						Ml	S	NF		L		F		Hu				Abdominal pain		Squeezing the leaves, then drink in small amount	O	[45, 47, 62]				WM081/25
													R		D		Hu				RH factor (Shotelay)		Tied the root around waist until delivery	Ne
													L		D		Hu				Fleas		Smoke and fumigate the house	Ot
	Premna schimperi Engl. Checho (Am)		13°19'35''N 38°07'01''E 2038 m						Ml	S	NF		L		F		Li				Eye diseases		Chew the leaf and then spit it into the eye	Op	[40, 46, 56]				WM083/25
	Thymus schimperi Ronniger ^NE Tosign (Am)		13°16'13''N 38°10'10''E 3526 m						Ala	H	NF		L		D		Hu				Cough		Grind the leaf and drink them mixed with water	O	[45, 46, 53]				WM035/25
Linaceae	Linum usitatissimum L. Teleba (Am)		13°17'54''N 38°04'19''E 2162 m						Hl	H	AL		S		D		Hu				Retained placenta		Boil the seeds in water, let the mixture cool, and then drink the liquid	O	[1, 46, 52,53,54, 60]				WM094/25
Linaceae	Linum usitatissimum L. Teleba (Am)		13°17'54''N 38°04'19''E 2162 m						Hl	H	AL		S		D		Hu				Gastritis		Soak the seed in water, then drink the jelly-like fluid	O	[1, 46, 52,53,54, 60]				WM094/25
Malvaceae	Corchorus olitorius L Melekuya (Am)		13°31'08''N 37°49'41''E 1073 m						Ll	H	HG		L		F		Hu				Back pain		Collect the young leaves and eat the fresh leaf or cook and eat	O	[62, 68, 82]				WM052/25
	Grewia ferruginea Hochst. ex A.Rich. Lenkuata (Am)		13°18'59''N 37°58'02''E 2018 m						Ml	S	NF		SB		F		Hu				Retained placenta		Soak the stem bark in water, then drink the jelly-like fluid	O	[1, 46, 52, 54, 56, 68]				WM028/25
													SB		F		Hu				Dandruff		Wash the head with its soft bark	T
													SB		F		Li				Retained placenta		Soak the stem bark in water, then drink the jelly-like fluid	O
													L		F		Li				Gastritis		Crush the leaves, mix with salt, then allow them to drink	O
	Sida rhombifolia L. Chifirig (Am), Deki-daro (Tg)	13°20'23''N 37°57'12''E 1833 m							Ml	S	NF		L		F		Hu				Finger amputation (Lufe)		Grind the leaves into a paste, then wrap the paste around the affected area	T	[46, 68]				WM034/25
Meliaceae	Melia azedarach L. Mimi (Am)	13°21'15''N 37°57'44''E 1517 m							Ml	T	HG		L		F		Hu				Tonsillitis		Chew the leaves and then swallow the liquid.	O	[46, 56, 59, 68]				WM030/25
Meliaceae	Melia azedarach L. Mimi (Am)	13°21'15''N 37°57'44''E 1517 m							Ml	T	HG		L		F		Li				Hen disease (coccidiosis)		Squeeze the leaves, mix the juice with water, and let it to be drink	O	[46, 56, 59, 68]				WM030/25
Menispermaceae	Stephania abyssinica (Quart.-Dill. & A.Rich.) Walp. Yeayit hareg (Am)	13°18'41''N 38°09'42''E 2168 m							Hl	C	NF		L		F		Hu				Diarrhea		Squeeze the leaf and allow children to drink the extracted liquid	O	[1, 5, 56, 62]				WM088/25
Molluginaceae	Glinus lotoides L. Meterie/Amkinit (Am)	13°23'29''N 37°52'20''E 1268 m							Ll	H	AL		S		F		Hu				Tape worm		Crush the seeds and mix them with honey, then swallow	O	[83, 84]				WM017/25
Moraceae	Ficus carica L. Beles (Tg)	13°24'18''N 37°51'55''E 1206 m							Ll	S	NF		L		F		Hu				Ear pus		Squeeze the young leaf and place a few drops into the ear	A	[1, 59, 62]				WM004/25
	Ficus sycomorus L. Bamba (Am)	13°24'19''N 37°51'47''E 1236 m							Ll	T	NF		SB		F		Hu				Scorpion bite		Chew and swallow the liquid	O	[62, 68] [62, 68]				WM016/25
													La		F		Hu				Impotency		Smear the latex on the surface of the penis	T
													L		F		Hu				Hepatitis		Squeeze the leaf, then drink it with honey or buttermilk	O
Moringaceae	Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cufod. Shiferaw (Am)	13°22'20''N 37°59'27''E 1445 m							Ll	T	HG		L		F/D		Hu				Hypertension		Dry the leaves, grind them into a fine powder, drink with tea	O	[53, 56, 61, 68]				WM043/25
													L		D		Hu				Headache		Dry the leaves, grind them into a fine powder, drink with tea	O
													L		F		Hu				Gastritis		Cook the leaves as a stew, then eat	O
Myricaceae	Myrica salicifolia Hochst. ex A.Rich. Sinchi/Shinet (Am)	13°19'29''N 38°11'10''E 2749 m							Hl	T	NF		SB		D		Hu				Wound		Grind the inner part of the stem bark into a fine powder, then dust it directly onto the wound	T	[45, 68]				WM106/25
Myricaceae	Myrica salicifolia Hochst. ex A.Rich. Sinchi/Shinet (Am)	13°19'29''N 38°11'10''E 2749 m							Hl	T	NF		SB		D		Hu				Brain abscess (neqerisa)		Grind the inner part of the stem bark into a fine powder, inhale using nose	N	[45, 68]				WM106/25
Myrtaceae	Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Nech-bahirzaf (Am)	13°21'11''N 38°11'07''E 2307 m							Hl	T	AL		L		F		Hu				Common cold		Burn and fumigate the smoke	N	[5, 47, 57, 60,61,62, 68]				WM102/25
Myrtaceae	Myrtus communis L. Adese (Am)	13°20'36''N 38°10'37''E 2182 m							Hl	S	HG		L		F/D		Hu				Dandruff		Grind the leaves into a powder, mix with butter, and then smear the cream	T	[1, 46, 50, 59]				WM107/25
Olacaceae	Ximenia americana L. Enkoy (Am)	13°27'39''N 37°51'57''E 1306 m							Ll	S	NF		SB		D		Hu				Wound		Grind the inner layer of the stem bark and dust it onto the wound	T	[1, 48, 52, 56, 62, 68]				WM058/25
	Ximenia americana L. Enkoy (Am)	13°27'39''N 37°51'57''E 1306 m							Ll	S	NF		L		F		Hu				Tonsillitis		Chew seven leaves and then apply the paste to the head	T	[1, 48, 52, 56, 62, 68]				WM058/25
	Jasminum abyssinicum Hochst. ex DC. Tembelel (Am)	13°19'35''N 38°07'01''E 2041 m							Hl	C	NF		L		F		Hu				Tooth diseases		Catch hold of the leaf with your teeth	O	[1, 54]				WM066/25
													L		F		Hu				Snake bite		Squeeze the leaves, then drink the fluid	O
													L		F		Hu				Fleas		Burn straw to fumigate the house	Ot
	Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata (Wall. & G.Don) Cif. Woyira (Am)	13°20'02''N 38°11'18''E 2848 m							Hl	T	NF		St		F		Hu				Gastritis		Soak the stem using water and drink the juice	O	[1, 5, 45,46,47, 50, 52, 54, 56, 59, 60, 68, 69]				WM109/25
													St		F		Hu				Epiphora (eye tearing)		Grind the stem bud of it and Rumex abyssinicus together, then mix them with kohl and smear on eyes	Op
													L		D		Hu				Flies repellant		Fumigate the house, dry the leaves and branches, then light them to produce smoke	Ot
Phytolaccaceae	Phytolacca dodecandra L'Hér. Mehan-endod (Am)	13°17'34''N 38°04'48''E 2126 m							Hl	C	NF		L		F		Hu				Hepatitis		Squeeze the leaves to extract the juice, then drink	O	[1, 5, 45,46,47, 50, 52, 54, 56, 59, 60, 68, 69]				WM093/25
													R		F		Hu				Anthrax		Grind the root, squeeze, and drink juice half of a spoon	O
													F		F		Hu				Scabies (itch)		Grind it with the fruit of Rhamnus Prinoides, mix with butter and smear, and finally sun or fire heat the body	T
													R		F		Hu				Meningitis		Chew the root, spit it out, and smear it on your neck	Ne
													R		F		Li				Stomachache		Crush the leaves, mix them with water, and then drink	O
													R		F		Li				Rabies		Soak the leaves in water, then drink a small quarter cup of the infusion	O
													L		F		Li				Wound		Crush the leaves to form a paste for topical application	T
													L		D		Hu				Kidney disease		Grind the leaf, take one teaspoon of the powder and one teaspoon of honey, dissolve in boiled water, and drink the mixture until recovery	O
Plantaginaceae	Plantago lanceolata L. Gorteb/womberet (Am)	13°23'30''N 37°55'08''E 1309 m						Ll		H	NF		L		F		Hu				Wound		Grind the leaf and paste it on the wound	T		[63, 85, 86]		WM020/25
Plantaginaceae	Plantago lanceolata L. Gorteb/womberet (Am)	13°23'30''N 37°55'08''E 1309 m						Ll		H	NF		L		D		Hu				Kidney disease		Grind the leaf, take one teaspoon of the powder and one teaspoon of honey, dissolve in boiled water, and drink the mixture until recovery	O		[63, 85, 86]		WM020/25
Plumbaginaceae	Plumbago zeylanica L. Yemegerem/Amira (Am)	13°26'30''N 37°3750'21''E 1239 m						Ll		H	NF		R		F		Hu				Incantation		Soak the root in water inside new Lagenaria siceraria, and then drink the fluid.	O		[45,46,47, 54]		WM007/25
													R		F		Hu				Swelling (megerem)		Soak the root in alcohol, then drink the fluid	O
													R		F		Li				Swelling		Soak the root in alcohol, then drink the fluid	O
Poaceae	Oryza sativa L. Ruz (Am)	13°19'58''N 37°55'52''E 1457 m						Ll		H	AL		S		D		Hu				Diarrhea		Boil with milk, drink the decoction	O		[87, 88]		WM031/25
Polygalaceae	Securidaca longepedunculata Fresen. Temenahe (Am)	13°27'58''N 37°48'33''E 1135 m						Ll		S	NF		R		D		Hu				Fibril illness		Burn and fumigate the smoke	N		[68, 89]		WM010/25
													R		F		Hu				Rabies		The root is crushed, mixed with water, and consumed as a drink	O
													R		D		Hu				Evil eye		Grind the root with bark of Croton macrostachyus, then insert the powder nasally or use it to fumigate the smoke	N
	Rumex abyssinicus Jacq. Mekmoko (Am)	13°26'46''N 37°46'07''E 1157 m						Ll		S	NF		R		D		Hu				Eye diseases		Dry and grind, then drink with tea	O		[1, 47, 50, 52, 54, 60]		WM009/25
													R		F		Hu				Rheumatism (qurtimat)		Boil with Niger oil and sesame oil, then drink before meals	O
													R		F		Li				Calf ascaris		Crush the root and let it drenching with water	O
	Rumex crispus L. Tult (Am)	13°19'25''N 37°56'23''E 1454 m						Ll		H	NF		R		F		Hu			Rheumatism (qurtimat)			Grind the root of Rumex crispus (zirich enbuay) and Solanum anguivi together, dilute the mixture with water, and drink a cup of it.	O		[90]		WM032/25
	Rumex nervosus Vahl Embacho (Am)	13°18'16''N 37°56'01''E 1525 m						Ml		S	NF		L		D		Hu			Tinea capitis (Quaqucha)			Grind the leaves into a powder and dust it onto head	T		[1, 46, 52, 54, 59]		WM033/25
	Rumex nervosus Vahl Embacho (Am)	13°18'16''N 37°56'01''E 1525 m						Ml		S	NF		L		D		Hu			Wound			Grind the leaves into a powder and dust it onto wound and bind with green algae	T		[1, 46, 52, 54, 59]		WM033/25
Primulaceae	Maesa lanceolata Forssk. Shuariya (Am)	13°23'14''N 37°53'24''E 1425 m						Ll		S	NF		L		F		Li			Leech			Crush the leaves and add them to water for drinking	O		[47, 54, 56]		WM018/25
Primulaceae	Maesa lanceolata Forssk. Shuariya (Am)	13°23'14''N 37°53'24''E 1425 m						Ll		S	NF		L		F		Li			Fleas			Crush the leaves and dilute in water to wash the body	T		[47, 54, 56]		WM018/25
Ranunculaceae	Clematis simensis Fresen. Azo-hareg (Am)	13°19'21''N 38°07'38''E 2090 m						Hl		C	NF		L		F		Hu			Wound			Crush and paste on the wound	T		[1, 5, 46, 49, 52]		WM067/25
													L		F		Hu			Hemorrhoid			Squeeze the leaf and apply the juice topically as a cream	T
													Fl		F		Hu			Tumor			Crush the flower and paste on the tumor	T
	Nigella sativa L. Tikur azmud (Am)	13°18'58''N 38°07'14''E 2606 m						Hl		H	AL		S		D		Hu			Abdominal pain			Grind the seeds, mix them into the bread dough, bake and eat	O		[1, 46, 53, 54, 59, 89]		WM079/25
	Rubia cordifolia L Minchirur (Am)	13°19'02''N 38°08'02''E 2228 m						Hl		H	NF		R		F/D		Hu			Migraine			Grind the root and drink with tea	O		[1]		WM069/25
													R		F		Hu			Cough			Grind the root and drink with tea	O
													R		F/D		Hu			Eye diseases			Grind the root and drink with tea	O
													R		F/D		Hu			Stomachache			Grind the root and drink with tea	O
													R		F/D		Hu			Nasal bleed			Grind the root and mix it with butter, then carefully insert it through the nasal passage	N
													R		D		Hu			Ear parasite (moth)			Grind the dried root into a fine powder, mix it with butter, and then place it in the sun to warm. Drop the mixture into the ear	A
	Thalictrum rhynchocarpum Quart.-Dill. & A.Rich. Sir-Bizu (Am)	13°19'13''N 38°07'54''E 2047 m						Hl		H	NF		L		D		Hu			Wound			Grind the leaf with salt and apply the paste to the wound	T		[1]		WM089/25
													R		F		Hu			Fibril illness			Boil the root and use the steam for a fumigation bath	N
													R		F		Hu			Hypertension			Grind the root and mix it with honey, then consume it	O
Rhamnaceae	Helinus mystacinus E.Mey. ex Steud. Esat abrid	13°26'53''N 37°53'20''E 1357 m						Ll		C	NF		L		F		Hu			Fire burn			Crush the leaves and mix them with honey, then past and wrap	T		[91]		WM054/25
	Rhamnus prinoides L'Hér. Gesho (Am)	13°22'48''N 37°54'09''E 1515 m						Ml		S	HG		L		F		Hu			Uvular descending			Squeeze the juice and drink a small amount	O		[1, 5, 46, 47, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58,59,60, 68]		WM021/25
	Rhamnus prinoides L'Hér. Gesho (Am)	13°22'48''N 37°54'09''E 1515 m						Ml		S	HG		S		F		Hu			Scabies (itch)			Grind it with the seed of Phytolacca dodecandra, then mix it with butter and smear it on the skin	T		[1, 5, 46, 47, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58,59,60, 68]		WM021/25
	Ziziphus mucronata Willd. Abtere (Am)	13°26'10''N 37°53'51''E 1220 m						Ll		S	NF		SB		D		Hu			Wound			Dry and grind into a powder, and then apply the powder directly onto the wound	T		[92, 93]		WM059/25
	Ziziphus mucronata Willd. Abtere (Am)	13°26'10''N 37°53'51''E 1220 m						Ll		S	NF		R		F		Hu			Snake bite			Heat the root with fire and apply it on the bite area and forehead	T		[92, 93]		WM059/25
	Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Willd. Gaba	13°34'28''N 37°48'10''E 1201 m						Ll		S	NF		L		F		Hu			Dandruff			Squeeze the leaves to extract the fluid, then smear it	T		[1, 45, 47, 56, 68]		WM061/25
Rosaceae	Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) J.F.Gmel. Koso	13°20'50''N 38°11'44''E 3021 m						Hl		S	NF		F		D		Hu			Tape worm			Swallow the seed with honey before breakfast in the morning, and have lunch with hot shirowot at midday	O		[46, 53, 56, 60, 89]		WM103/25
Rosaceae	Rosa abyssinica R.Br. ex Lindl. Kega (Am)	13°19'31''N 38°06'49''E 2016 m						Hl		S	NF		R		F		Li			Stomachache			Socked in water then allow them to drink	O		[1, 54, 60, 89, 91]		WM084/25
Rubiaceae	Coffea arabica L. Buna (Am)	13°26'07''N 37°57'11''E 1321 m						Ll		S	HG		S		D		Hu			Diarrhea			Grind roasted seed and mix with hone, then let the baby to eat	O		[1, 5, 54, 59, 60, 68, 69]		WM060/25
Rubiaceae	Coffea arabica L. Buna (Am)	13°26'07''N 37°57'11''E 1321 m						Ll		S	HG		S		D		Hu			Wound			Grind roasted seed and mix with honey, then paste to wound	T		[1, 5, 54, 59, 60, 68, 69]		WM060/25
Rubiaceae	Gardenia ternifolia Schumach. & Thonn. Gambilo (Am)	13°26'51''N 37°46'54''E 1285 m						Ll		S	NF		SB		F		Hu			Impotency			Grind the ingredients and mix them with Hydromel (honeyed wine), then drink the mixture	O		[68, 94]		WM005/25
Rutaceae	Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle Lomi (Am)	13°18'51''N 38°08'46''E 2354 m						Hl		S	HG		F		F		Hu			Wound			Extract the lemon juice and apply directly to the wound	T		[1, 49, 53, 89]		WM095/25
	Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle Lomi (Am)	13°18'51''N 38°08'46''E 2354 m						Hl		S	HG		F		F		Hu			Cough			Boil the leaf with Allium sativum, then filter the mixture and drink	O		[1, 49, 53, 89]		WM095/25
													L		D		Hu				Cold-induced muscle pain		Leaf burned and fumigate to the smoke	T
													F		F		Li				Ingestive toxicity		Extract the juice, mix it with egg albumin, and administer to drink	O
													F		F		Li				Leech		Extract the juice and then administer it through the nasal passage	N
													F		F		Li				Hen diseases (coccidiosis)		Extract the juice, mix it with water, and allow them to drink	O
	Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook.f. Limich (Am)	13°19'25''N 38°08'18''E 2278 m						Hl		S	NF		St		F/D		Hu				Teeth diseases		Brush your teeth regularly with the stem stick until recovery	O			[52, 68]			WM068/25
	Ruta chalepensis L. Tenadam (Am)	13°19'04''N 38°06'42''E 2435 m						Hl		H	AL		L		F		Hu				Evil eye		Crush and sniff it	N			[1, 5, 45,46,47, 53, 59, 60, 89, 91]			WM085/25
Salicaceae	Dovyalis abyssinica (A.Rich.) Warb. Koshim (Am)	13°21'15''N 38°11'09''E 2342 m						Hl		S	NF		L		F		Hu				Boil (bugungi)		Crush the leaf and paste on the boil	T			[45, 46, 52, 53, 59, 89, 91]			WM100/25
Santalaceae	Osyris lanceolata Hochst. & Steud. Qeret (Am)	13°18'54''N 38°07'52''E 2162 m						Hl		S	NF		L		D		Hu				Leprosy		Burn the leaves of Osyris quadripartita and Hagenia abyssinica, along with goat horn, to obtain charcoal. Mix this charcoal with water algae, latex from Ficus carica, and seed oil from Ricinus communis, then smear the mixture onto the body.	T			[1, 57, 68]			WM080/25
Sapindaceae	Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustifolia (L.f.) J.G.West Kitkita (Am)	13°18'47''N 38°09'33''E 2216 m						Hl		S	NF		S		D		Hu				Finger pain		Mix the seed with butter and swallow	O			[1, 46, 56]			WM076/25
Sapindaceae		13°18'47''N 38°09'33''E 2216 m						Hl		S	NF		L		F		Li				Bone luxation		Tie the leaf around the bone	Ot			[1, 46, 56]			WM076/25
Scrophulariaceae	Verbascum sinaiticum Benth. Kuttetina(Am), Trina (Tg)	13°20'22''N 37°57'12''E 1857 m						Ml		H	NF		R		F		Hu				Fibril illness		Grind and socked with water, then drink one cup of the mixture	O			[1, 45, 46, 53, 54, 89, 91]			WM036/25
													R		F		Hu				Diarrhea		Grind and socked with water, then drink one cup of the mixture	O
													R		D		Hu				Glossophobia (ayinetila)		Grind the root, burn them to create smoke, then fumigate the smoke every evening for seven days	N
													R		F		Hu			Rabies			Crush the root with the root of Phytolacca dodecandra, prepare the juice using water, and let the puppy drink it	O
													R		F		Li			Fibril illness			Grind and socked with water, then drink one glass of the mixture	O
													R		F		Li			Rabies			Crush the root with the root of Phytolacca dodecandra, prepare the juice using milk, and let the puppy drink it	O
Simaroubaceae	Brucea antidysenterica J.F.Mill. Waginose (Am)	13°20'13''N 38°05'05''E 2270 m						Hl		S	NF		L		F		Hu			Swelling			Squeeze the leaf, mix the juice with water, and then drink	O			[46, 54, 56, 91]			WM064/25
													F		F		Hu			Eczema (Chife)			Crush the fruit with the leaf of Zehneria scabra, the fruit of Citrus limon, and cream with raw butter or baseline and smear the affected area	T
													S/L		F		Hu			Hemorrhoid			Grind the leaf and seed together, then apply the paste gently to the anus	T
Solanaceae	Capsicum annuum var. annuum L. Mitmita (Am)	13°28'17''N 37°47'19''E 1427 m						Ll		H	AL		F		F		Hu			Malaria			Eat the fruit with injera	O			[1, 5, 53, 59, 60]			WM002/25
Solanaceae	Capsicum annuum var. annuum L. Mitmita (Am)	13°28'17''N 37°47'19''E 1427 m						Ll		H	AL		F		D		Hu			Gastritis			Powder the fruit, mix it with chopped injera (firfir) and eat	O			[1, 5, 53, 59, 60]			WM002/25
Solanaceae	Datura stramonium L. Astenagir (Am)	13°25'34''N 37°51'02''E 1219 m						Ll		H	NF		S		D		Hu			Toothache			Put the dry seed onto the fire to create smoke for fumigation, or hold the seed with your teeth	O			[1, 45, 46, 52,53,54, 59, 68, 91]			WM015/25
	Datura stramonium L. Astenagir (Am)	13°25'34''N 37°51'02''E 1219 m						Ll		H	NF		L		F		Hu			Tinea capitis (Quaqucha)			Squeeze the leaf and cream it on head	T			[1, 45, 46, 52,53,54, 59, 68, 91]			WM015/25
	Nicotiana tabacum L. Timbaho (Am)	13°23'02''N 37°59'54''E 1603 m						Ml		H	HG		L		F		Hu			Tonsillitis			Squeeze the leaf, drink the extract to the esophagus	O			[1, 5, 45,46,47, 49, 50, 53, 60, 91]			WM044/25
	Nicotiana tabacum L. Timbaho (Am)	13°23'02''N 37°59'54''E 1603 m						Ml		H	HG		L		F		Li			Leech			Squeeze the leaves, administer the juice through the nasal passage	N			[1, 5, 45,46,47, 49, 50, 53, 60, 91]			WM044/25
	Physalis peruviana L. Aute (Am)	13°22'52''N 37°52'50''E 1385 m						Ll		H	NF		F		F		Li			Leech			Extract the fruit juice and administer it nasally	N			[56]			WM019/25
	Solanum incanum L. Embuay (Am)	13°28'19''N 37°49'47''E 1073 m						Ll		S	NF		R		F		Hu			Scorpion bite			Chewing and swallow the liquid	O			[1, 45, 46, 52,53,54, 59, 68, 69]			WM012/25
													F		F		Li			Sinusitis (tifna)			Extract the juice, mix it with milk, and then administer it through the nasal passage	N
	Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal Gizewa (Am)	13°18'59''N 37°55'42''E 1414 m						Ll		S	HG		L		F		Hu			Psychosis			Soak leaves in water, then wash the body	T			[1, 45,46,47, 54, 56, 68, 69, 95]			WM037/25
	Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal Gizewa (Am)	13°18'59''N 37°55'42''E 1414 m						Ll		S	HG		R/L		F/D		Hu			Evil eye			Crush and mix them with water to drink	O			[1, 45,46,47, 54, 56, 68, 69, 95]			WM037/25
Urticaceae	Urtica simensis Hochst. ex A.Rich. ^LC Sama (Am)	13°20'07''N 38°11'09''E 2684 m						Hl			NF		L		F		Hu			Gastritis			Boil the leaf and eat it regularly like cabbage, or grind the leaf, squeeze, and drink before meals.	O			[1, 46, 50]			WM110/25
Verbenaceae	Verbena officinalis L. Atuch	13°17'37''N 38°04'44''E 2059 m						Hl		H	NF		R		F		Hu			Stomachache			Chew the root and swallow the liquid	O			[1, 46, 52, 54]			WM091/25
Vitaceae	Cissus petiolata Hook.f. Alkie (Am)	13°25'05''N 37°57'10''E 1590 m						Ml		C		NF		R		F		Hu			Snake bite		Grind the root and soak it in water. After some time, filter the mixture and drink about a quarter cup of the filtrate	O			[54]			WM051/25
														St		F		Li			Swelling		Tied the thin stem on the neck of cattle	Ne
														L		F		Hu			Back pain		Soak the leaf buds in water inside a fresh Lagenaria siceraria, wash the body for seven days	T
	Cyphostemma adenocaule (Steud. ex A.Rich.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm. Aserkush (Am)	13°25'13''N 37°57'27''E 1589 m						Ml		H		NF		R	D		Hu				Wound		Dry and grind the root, then apply the powder	T			[1, 47]			WM003/25
														R	D		Hu				Rabies		Dry and grind the root, then mix the powder with milk and drink it	O
														R	D		Hu				Snake bite		Dry and grind the root, then boil it with honey and drink the mixture	O
														R	D		Hu				Love potion (mestefakir)		Dry and grind the root, then mix it with Meliponula bocandei honey and apply it topically	T
														R	D		Li				Dog herbal sterilization		Tie the roots of Cyphostemma denocaule (Tazima) and Inula confertiflora (Weynagift) around the neck of the women	Ne
Zingiberaceae	Zingiber officinale Roscoe Gingibel (Am)	13°20'16''N 37°55'04''E 1384 m						Ll		H		AL		St	F		Hu				Stomachache		Chew and then swallow the resulting liquid	O			[1, 45,46,47, 52, 53, 57, 59, 60]			WM038/25
Zingiberaceae	Zingiber officinale Roscoe Gingibel (Am)	13°20'16''N 37°55'04''E 1384 m						Ll		H		AL		St	F		Hu				Common cold		Grind and boil, then drink one glass as tea	O			[1, 45,46,47, 52, 53, 57, 59, 60]			WM038/25

[Local name: Amhara = A, Tigray = T, Agew = Ag, Agroecology: AE (Ll = Lowland, Ml = Midland, Hl = Highland, Hla = Highland and alpine), Habit = H (Tree = T, Shrub = S, Climber = C, Herb = H), Habitat = Ha (HG = Home Garden, AL = Arable Land, NF = Natural Forest), Use (Human= Hu, Livestock = Li), Part used = PU (Bulb = Bu, Flower = Fl, Fruit = F, Latex = La, Resin = Re, Leaf = L, Root = R, Root bark = RB, Seed = S, Stem = St, Stem bark = SB, Tuber = Tu), Condition of Part Used = CPU (Fresh = F, Dry = D, Fresh/Dry = F/D), Route of Administration = RA (Auricular = A, Nasal = N, Oral = O, Optical = Op, Topical = T, Ne= Neck, Ot = Other), V. No = Voucher Number, Red color = endemic plants, endemic medicinal plants = bold subscripts (NT = Near Threatened, LC = Least Concern, NE = Not Evaluated), Am = Amharic, Tg = Tigrigna].

Back to article page

ISSN: 1746-4269

Contact us

General enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com