Fig. 2

Comparison of incidence-based interpolation and extrapolation for a species richness (q = 0), Shannon–Wiener diversity (q = 1) and Simpson diversity (q = 2), b individual-based interpolation and extrapolation for sample coverage, and (c) sample coverage-based interpolation and extrapolation for species richness (q = 0), Shannon–Wiener index (q = 1) and Simpson index (q = 2) compared across the three study sites, Mbare, CBD and Highfield. All extrapolation curves were plotted to double the sample size, and 300 bootstrap replicates were used to estimate 95% confidence intervals (shaded area)