Ethnobotanical knowledge and ethnomedicinal uses of plant resources by urban communities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: a novel urban ethnobotanical approach

Ullah, Irfan; Akhtar, Seemab; Adnan, Muhammad; Nawab, Javed; Ullah, Sajid; Abdullah-Al-Wadud, M.

doi:10.1186/s13002-025-00766-4

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine

Table 3 ICF values for different ailments in study area

From: Ethnobotanical knowledge and ethnomedicinal uses of plant resources by urban communities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: a novel urban ethnobotanical approach

Disease name	Nt/Nur		I_CF/F_IC
Alopecia	4/15	A. cepa, A. vera, B. compestris, Z. mauritiana	0.79
Chest infection	7/21	A. sativum, C. fistula, D. carota, F. vulgare, M. alba, S. cumini, Z. officinale	0.70
Constipation	5/41	C. colocynthis, C. fistula, F. carica, F. vulgare, P. lenceolata	0.90
Dental problems	3/19	M. Azadirachta, E. camaldulensis, S. cumini	0.89
Devil repellant	3/29	P. harmala, F. cretica, T. aphylla,	0.93
Dyspepsia	15/78	A. sativum, C. limon, C. fistula, C. tuberculata, C. colocynthis, C. sativum, C. sativus, D. carota, F. vulgare, M. arvensis, M. piperita, M. longifolia, O. basillicum, S. cumini, Z. officinale	0.82
Diabetes	11/48	A. cepa, A.sativum, A. vera, M. azadirachta, C. sativum, C. limon, C. tuberculata, F cretica, F. vulgare, M. charantia, W. Coagulans	0.79
Ear diseases	9/35	A. sativum, E. camaldulensis, F. vulgare, M. arvensis, P. nigrum, S. persica, S. cumini, R. stricta, T. aphylla	0.76
Gingivitis	4/13	A. vera, O. basillicum, S. cumini, Z. officinale	0.75
Hemorrhoids	4/19	C. sativum, C. fistula, F. vulgare, P. lenceolata	0.83
Helminthiasis	7/35	A. sativum, C. limon, C. fistula, E. camaldulensis, F. vulgare, M. arvensis, P. nigrum	0.82
Hypertension	8/41	A. sativum, C. limon, C. tuberculata, C. colocynthis, C. sativus, O. basillicum, V. vinifera, Z. officinale	0.83
Kidney disorders	2/31	C. limon, M. azadirachta	0.97
Obesity	11/65	A. sativum, C. limon, C. tuberculata, C. colocynthis, C. sativus, M. arvensis, M. piperita, M. longifolia, F. vulgare, O. basillicum, Z. officinale	0.84
Ophthalmic diseases	3/12	D. carota, F. vulgare, S. officinarum	0.82
Oral ulcers	5/22	A. cepa, A. sativum, C. sativus, F. vulgare, S. cumini	0.81
Pyrexia	5/17	B. compestris, C. sinensis, C. sativus, P. guajava, S. persica	0.75
Sore throat	7/31	M. arvensis, M. piperata, M. longifolia, F. vulgare, O. basillicum, S. cumini, Z. officinale	0.80
Vomiting	5/16	A. cepa, C. tuberculata, C. limon, M. arvensis, Z. officinale	0.73
Wound s healing	4/21	A. vera, C. limon, C. tuberculata, M. arvensis	0.85
Xeroderma	2/7	A. vera, O. basillicum	0.83

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